Carol

Argentina’s Local Crop Biotechnology Developments: Why Have They Not Reached the Market Yet?

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Argentina's Local Crop Biotechnology Developments: Why Have They Not Reached the Market Yet?

Plant biotechnology in Argentina started at the end of the 1980s, leading to the development of numerous research groups in public institutions and, a decade later, to some local private initiatives. The numerous scientific and technological capacities existing in the country allowed the early constitution in 1991 of a sound genetically modified organisms biosafety regulatory system.

The first commercial approvals began in 1996, and to date, 59 events have obtained permits to be placed on the market, however, only two have been developed locally by public-private partnerships. The transgenic events developed at public institutions pursue different objectives in diverse crops.

However, once these events have been developed in laboratories, it is difficult to move toward a possible commercial approval. In this work, we analyze several reasons that could explain why local developments have not reached approvals for commercialization, highlighting aspects related to the lack of strategic vision in the institutions to focus resources on projects to develop biotechnological products.

Although progress has been made in generating regulatory rules adapted to research institutes (such as the regulations for biosafety greenhouses and ways of presenting applications), researchers still do not conceive regulatory science as a discipline. They generally prefer not to be involved in the design of regulatory field trials or regulatory issues related to the evaluation of events. In that sense, some of the aspects considered a regulatory affairs platform for the public scientific system and the reinforcement of laboratories that perform tests required under the Argentine regulation.

Argentina's Local Crop Biotechnology Developments: Why Have They Not Reached the Market Yet?
Argentina’s Local Crop Biotechnology Developments: Why Have They Not Reached the Market Yet?

Role of Business Models in Funding the Biotech Industry: Global Trends and Challenges for Cuban Biotechnology.

Forty-three years after it was founded, with billions of dollars invested, the global biotech industry is still not positioned as a mature low-risk sector for the international investor com-munity.

Despite the clear commercial success of a number of leading companies and overall growth of the industry’s rev-enues, most biotech companies are not profi table and many fail to overcome the formidable barrier constituted by the high cost of the sector’s research and development. However, over the last four years, visible signs of change have appeared, which could be harbingers of an approaching turning point in this trend.

This article analyzes the historic background of the biotech in-dustry’s business models and corporate structures, as well as their impact on the industry’s fi nancial framework. It examines recent changes implemented by the sector’s main actors-in-cluding young startups, venture capital funds and big pharma companies-to mitigate fi nancial risk associated with develop-ment of new biotechnology products.

EGTA
ED0077 25g
EUR 87.14

EGTA
E440150 100g
EUR 119
Description: 67-42-5

EGTA
B7195-1000 1 g
EUR 39
Description: Calcium chelator

EGTA
A2506-100G 100G
EUR 138.6
Description: Ultra Pure

EGTA
A2506-10G 10G
EUR 26.4
Description: Ultra Pure

EGTA
A2506-25G 25G
EUR 46.2
Description: Ultra Pure

EGTA
GE7249 10g
EUR 108.65

EGTA
GE7249-10 10
EUR 22.1

EGTA
GE7249-100 100
EUR 118.7

EGTA
GE7249-100G 100 g
EUR 180

EGTA
GE7249-10G 10 g
EUR 62.4

EGTA
GE7249-25 25
EUR 39.4

EGTA
GE7249-25G 25 g
EUR 84

EGTA
GE7249-50 50
EUR 67.2

EGTA
GE7249-50G 50 g
EUR 117.6

EGTA
T4585-10mg 10mg Ask for price
Description: EGTA

EGTA
T4585-1g 1g Ask for price
Description: EGTA

EGTA
T4585-1mg 1mg Ask for price
Description: EGTA

EGTA
T4585-50mg 50mg Ask for price
Description: EGTA

EGTA
T4585-5mg 5mg Ask for price
Description: EGTA

EGTA
abx082266-100l 100 µl
EUR 125

EGTA
abx082266-1ml 1 ml Ask for price

EGTA
abx082266-200l 200 µl Ask for price

EGTA
abx082565-100l 100 µl
EUR 125

EGTA
abx082565-1ml 1 ml Ask for price

EGTA
abx082565-200l 200 µl Ask for price

EGTA
MBS635349-100g 100g
EUR 500

EGTA
MBS635349-10g 10g
EUR 185

EGTA
MBS635349-250g 250g
EUR 860

EGTA
MBS635349-25g 25g
EUR 240

EGTA
MBS635349-50g 50g
EUR 345

EGTA 99%
E00340 10G
EUR 228.91

EGTA, 99%
GE9981 10g
EUR 275.2

EGTA, 99%
GE9981-10 10
EUR 30.9

EGTA, 99%
GE9981-100 100
EUR 150.4

EGTA, 99%
GE9981-100G 100 g
EUR 217.2

EGTA, 99%
GE9981-10G 10 g
EUR 73.2

EGTA, 99%
GE9981-25 25
EUR 53.8

EGTA, 99%
GE9981-250 250
EUR 300.5

EGTA, 99%
GE9981-250G 250 g
EUR 399.6

EGTA, 99%
GE9981-25G 25 g
EUR 100.8

EGTA, 99%
GE9981-50 50
EUR 89.3

EGTA, 99%
GE9981-50G 50 g
EUR 144

EGTA, AM
MBS8579925-10mg 10mg
EUR 570

EGTA, AM
MBS8579925-5x10mg 5x10mg
EUR 2495

EGTA-AM
HY-D0973 5mg
EUR 704.4

EGTA-AM
T13673-10mg 10mg Ask for price
Description: EGTA-AM

EGTA-AM
T13673-1g 1g Ask for price
Description: EGTA-AM

EGTA-AM
T13673-1mg 1mg Ask for price
Description: EGTA-AM

EGTA-AM
T13673-50mg 50mg Ask for price
Description: EGTA-AM

EGTA-AM
T13673-5mg 5mg Ask for price
Description: EGTA-AM

EGTA-AM
MBS5754297-25mg 25mg
EUR 1230

EGTA-AM
MBS5754297-5x25mg 5x25mg
EUR 5395

EGTA (2x) Buffer
MBS565489-1mL 1mL
EUR 150

EGTA (2x) Buffer
MBS565489-5x1mL 5x1mL
EUR 525

EGTA tetrasodium salt
MBS8579926-1g 1g
EUR 280

EGTA tetrasodium salt
MBS8579926-5x1g 5x1g
EUR 1195

EGTA 100mM, pH 7.4, Sterile
40120129-1 50 mL
EUR 38.95

EGTA 100mM, pH 7.4, Sterile
40120129-2 100 mL
EUR 49.81

EGTA 100mM, pH 7.4, Sterile
40120129-3 250 mL
EUR 96.89

EGTA, Hi-LR™
GRM1530-10G 1 unit
EUR 33.64
Description: EGTA, Hi-LR™

EGTA, Hi-LR™
GRM1530-25G 1 unit
EUR 73.94
Description: EGTA, Hi-LR™

RIPA Buffer with EGTA
42020012-1 250 mL
EUR 39.56

RIPA Buffer with EGTA
42020012-2 500 mL
EUR 74.96

EGTA, Molecular Biology Grade
40500028-2 50 g
EUR 106.43

EGTA, Molecular Biology Grade
40500028-3 100 g
EUR 177.58

EGTA, Molecular Biology Grade
40500028-4 500 g
EUR 603.19

EGTA, Molecular Biology Grade
40500028-5 1 kg
EUR 912.98

EGTA, Molecular Biology Grade
40500028-6 2 kg
EUR 1687.94

EGTA 1M, pH 7.4, Sterile
40120127-1 50 mL
EUR 45.36

EGTA 1M, pH 7.4, Sterile
40120127-2 100 mL
EUR 66.59

EGTA 1M, pH 7.4, Sterile
40120127-3 500 mL
EUR 336.81

EGTA 1M, pH 8.0, Sterile
40120128-1 50 mL
EUR 45.36

EGTA 1M, pH 8.0, Sterile
40120128-2 100 mL
EUR 66.59

EGTA 1M, pH 8.0, Sterile
40120128-3 500 mL
EUR 336.81

EGTA 0.5M, pH 7.4, Sterile
40120370-1 50 mL
EUR 37.64

EGTA 0.5M, pH 7.4, Sterile
40120370-2 100 mL
EUR 66.11

EGTA 0.5M, pH 7.4, Sterile
40120370-3 250 mL
EUR 112.92

EGTA 0.5M, pH 7.4, Sterile
40120370-4 1 L
EUR 375.43

EGTA 0.5M, pH 8.0, Sterile
40520008-1 50 mL
EUR 38.95

EGTA 0.5M, pH 8.0, Sterile
40520008-2 100 mL
EUR 66.11

EGTA 0.5M, pH 8.0, Sterile
40520008-3 250 mL
EUR 112.92

EGTA 0.5M, pH 8.0, Sterile
40520008-4 1 L
EUR 375.43

MOPS Buffer with EGTA 10X
40120884-1 100 mL
EUR 33.86

MOPS Buffer with EGTA 10X
40120884-2 500 mL
EUR 85.98

RIPA Buffer with EDTA & EGTA
42020008-1 250 mL
EUR 39.56

RIPA Buffer with EDTA & EGTA
42020008-2 500 mL
EUR 65.37

EGTA AM *CAS 99590-86-0*
21005-10mg 10 mg
EUR 166
Description: EGTA AM is cell-permeable version of EGTA (ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid), a cell-permeable calcium chelator.

EGTA AM *10 mM DMSO solution*
21006-1mL 1 mL
EUR 166
Description: EGTA AM is cell-permeable version of EGTA (ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid), a cell-permeable calcium chelator.

MOPS Buffer with EGTA 10X, Sterile
40120885-1 100 mL
EUR 37.73

MOPS Buffer with EGTA 10X, Sterile
40120885-2 500 mL
EUR 111.42

EGTA tetrasodium salt *CAS 13368-13-3*
21007-1g 1 g
EUR 86
Description: EGTA (1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid) is a water-soluble and cell-impermeable calcium chelator.

EGTA tetrasodium salt *10 mM aqueous solution*
21008-10mL 10 mL
EUR 86
Description: EGTA (1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid) is a water-soluble and cell-impermeable calcium chelator.

Mg2 + -EGTA-ATPase test cassette (colorimetric method)
SH0266-1 50T/25Sample
EUR 220

Mg2 + -EGTA-ATPase test cassette (colorimetric method)
SH0266-2 100T/50Sample
EUR 280

Paraformaldehyde (4%) Fixative in PBS with Mg and EGTA
30450001-1 250 mL
EUR 29.99

Paraformaldehyde (4%) Fixative in PBS with Mg and EGTA
30450001-2 500 mL
EUR 53.99

2xRIPA Buffer IIII with EDTA and EGTA (pH 7.4) 2xconcentrate
RB4477 500ml
EUR 86.1

Ethylene Glycol-O-O-bis-(2-Aminoethyl) N,N,N,N-Tetraacetic Acid (EGTA) extrapure, 98%
62858 10 Gms
EUR 21.38
Description: Part B

Egtazic acid
463846 50.0mg Ask for price

EGT1442
MBS131659-100mg 100mg
EUR 1065

EGT1442
MBS131659-500mg 500mg
EUR 2775

EGT1442
MBS386480-10mg 10mg
EUR 285

EGT1442
MBS386480-25mg 25mg
EUR 510

EGT1442
MBS386480-5mg 5mg
EUR 220

EGT1442
MBS386480-5x25mg 5x25mg
EUR 2280

EGT1442
MBS5752420-10mg 10mg
EUR 260

EGT1442
MBS5752420-25mg 25mg
EUR 435

EGT1442
MBS5752420-2mg 2mg
EUR 175

EGT1442
MBS5752420-50mg 50mg
EUR 610

EGT1442
MBS5752420-5mg 5mg
EUR 210

Bexgliflozin (EGT1442)
B1929-1 each
EUR 170.4

Bexgliflozin (EGT1442)
B1929-5 each
EUR 496.8

Bexagliflozin?EGT1442
MBS131294-100mg 100mg
EUR 1495

Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae Protein EGT2 (EGT2) , partial
MBS1076136-INQUIRE INQUIRE Ask for price

EGTT-Scavenger for GSH/GSSG Assays (EGTT-100)
EGTT-SCVG 100
EUR 89

Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis Amidohydrolase EgtC (egtC)
MBS1110091-002mgBaculovirus 0.02mg(Baculovirus)
EUR 1120

Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis Amidohydrolase EgtC (egtC)
MBS1110091-002mgEColi 0.02mg(E-Coli)
EUR 735

Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis Amidohydrolase EgtC (egtC)
MBS1110091-002mgYeast 0.02mg(Yeast)
EUR 900

Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis Amidohydrolase EgtC (egtC)
MBS1110091-01mgEColi 0.1mg(E-Coli)
EUR 880

Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis Amidohydrolase EgtC (egtC)
MBS1110091-01mgYeast 0.1mg(Yeast)
EUR 1050

Recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Amidohydrolase EgtC (egtC)
MBS1046064-002mgBaculovirus 0.02mg(Baculovirus)
EUR 1115

Recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Amidohydrolase EgtC (egtC)
MBS1046064-002mgEColi 0.02mg(E-Coli)
EUR 740

Recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Amidohydrolase EgtC (egtC)
MBS1046064-002mgYeast 0.02mg(Yeast)
EUR 905

Recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Amidohydrolase EgtC (egtC)
MBS1046064-01mgEColi 0.1mg(E-Coli)
EUR 890

Recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Amidohydrolase EgtC (egtC)
MBS1046064-01mgYeast 0.1mg(Yeast)
EUR 1060

Rabbit anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508/S288c)(Baker's yeast) EGT2 Polyclonal Antibody
MBS7155837-INQUIRE INQUIRE Ask for price

Rabbit anti-Schizosaccharomyces pombe (strain 972/ATCC 24843)(Fission yeast) EGT1 Polyclonal Antibody
MBS7183038-INQUIRE INQUIRE Ask for price

Rabbit anti-Schizosaccharomyces pombe (strain 972/ATCC 24843)(Fission yeast) EGT2 Polyclonal Antibody
MBS7183415-INQUIRE INQUIRE Ask for price

Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis Pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent protein EgtE (egtE)
MBS1184513-002mgBaculovirus 0.02mg(Baculovirus)
EUR 1245

Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis Pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent protein EgtE (egtE)
MBS1184513-002mgEColi 0.02mg(E-Coli)
EUR 910

Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis Pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent protein EgtE (egtE)
MBS1184513-002mgYeast 0.02mg(Yeast)
EUR 1035

Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis Pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent protein EgtE (egtE)
MBS1184513-01mgEColi 0.1mg(E-Coli)
EUR 1095

Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis Pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent protein EgtE (egtE)
MBS1184513-01mgYeast 0.1mg(Yeast)
EUR 1180

Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis Histidine-specific methyltransferase EgtD (egtD)
MBS1143325-002mgBaculovirus 0.02mg(Baculovirus)
EUR 1200

Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis Histidine-specific methyltransferase EgtD (egtD)
MBS1143325-002mgEColi 0.02mg(E-Coli)
EUR 850

Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis Histidine-specific methyltransferase EgtD (egtD)
MBS1143325-002mgYeast 0.02mg(Yeast)
EUR 990

Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis Histidine-specific methyltransferase EgtD (egtD)
MBS1143325-01mgEColi 0.1mg(E-Coli)
EUR 1020

Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis Histidine-specific methyltransferase EgtD (egtD)
MBS1143325-01mgYeast 0.1mg(Yeast)
EUR 1125

Recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent protein EgtE (egtE)
MBS1173767-002mgBaculovirus 0.02mg(Baculovirus)
EUR 1265

Recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent protein EgtE (egtE)
MBS1173767-002mgEColi 0.02mg(E-Coli)
EUR 935

Recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent protein EgtE (egtE)
MBS1173767-002mgYeast 0.02mg(Yeast)
EUR 1055

Recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent protein EgtE (egtE)
MBS1173767-01mgEColi 0.1mg(E-Coli)
EUR 1125

Recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent protein EgtE (egtE)
MBS1173767-01mgYeast 0.1mg(Yeast)
EUR 1200

Recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Histidine-specific methyltransferase EgtD (egtD)
MBS1224849-002mgBaculovirus 0.02mg(Baculovirus)
EUR 1200

Recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Histidine-specific methyltransferase EgtD (egtD)
MBS1224849-002mgEColi 0.02mg(E-Coli)
EUR 850

Recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Histidine-specific methyltransferase EgtD (egtD)
MBS1224849-002mgYeast 0.02mg(Yeast)
EUR 990

Recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Histidine-specific methyltransferase EgtD (egtD)
MBS1224849-01mgEColi 0.1mg(E-Coli)
EUR 1020

Recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Histidine-specific methyltransferase EgtD (egtD)
MBS1224849-01mgYeast 0.1mg(Yeast)
EUR 1125

Recombinant Mycobacterium Smegmatis egtD Protein (aa 1-321)
VAng-Yyj4655-1mgEcoli 1 mg (E. coli)
EUR 5091.6
Description: Mycobacterium Smegmatis (strain ATCC 700084 / mc(2)155) Histidine-specific methyltransferase EgtD (egtD), recombinant protein.

Recombinant Mycobacterium Smegmatis egtD Protein (aa 1-321)
VAng-Yyj4655-500gEcoli 500 µg (E. coli)
EUR 3606
Description: Mycobacterium Smegmatis (strain ATCC 700084 / mc(2)155) Histidine-specific methyltransferase EgtD (egtD), recombinant protein.

Recombinant Mycobacterium Smegmatis egtD Protein (aa 1-321)
VAng-Yyj4655-50gEcoli 50 µg (E. coli)
EUR 2469.6
Description: Mycobacterium Smegmatis (strain ATCC 700084 / mc(2)155) Histidine-specific methyltransferase EgtD (egtD), recombinant protein.

Recombinant Mycobacterium Smegmatis egtB Protein (aa 1-428)
VAng-Yyj4891-1mgEcoli 1 mg (E. coli)
EUR 5900.4
Description: Mycobacterium Smegmatis (strain ATCC 700084 / mc(2)155) Iron (II)-dependent oxidoreductase EgtB, recombinant protein.

Recombinant Mycobacterium Smegmatis egtB Protein (aa 1-428)
VAng-Yyj4891-500gEcoli 500 µg (E. coli)
EUR 4167.6
Description: Mycobacterium Smegmatis (strain ATCC 700084 / mc(2)155) Iron (II)-dependent oxidoreductase EgtB, recombinant protein.

Recombinant Mycobacterium Smegmatis egtB Protein (aa 1-428)
VAng-Yyj4891-50gEcoli 50 µg (E. coli)
EUR 2848.8
Description: Mycobacterium Smegmatis (strain ATCC 700084 / mc(2)155) Iron (II)-dependent oxidoreductase EgtB, recombinant protein.

Recombinant Mycobacterium Smegmatis egtC Protein (aa 1-227)
VAng-Yyj4892-1mgEcoli 1 mg (E. coli)
EUR 4365.6
Description: Mycobacterium Smegmatis (strain ATCC 700084 / mc(2)155) Amidohydrolase EgtC (egtC), recombinant protein.

Recombinant Mycobacterium Smegmatis egtC Protein (aa 1-227)
VAng-Yyj4892-500gEcoli 500 µg (E. coli)
EUR 3129.6
Description: Mycobacterium Smegmatis (strain ATCC 700084 / mc(2)155) Amidohydrolase EgtC (egtC), recombinant protein.

Recombinant Mycobacterium Smegmatis egtC Protein (aa 1-227)
VAng-Yyj4892-50gEcoli 50 µg (E. coli)
EUR 2122.8
Description: Mycobacterium Smegmatis (strain ATCC 700084 / mc(2)155) Amidohydrolase EgtC (egtC), recombinant protein.

Recombinant Mycobacterium Smegmatis egtE Protein (aa 1-371)
VAng-Yyj4893-1mgEcoli 1 mg (E. coli)
EUR 5470.8
Description: Mycobacterium Smegmatis (strain ATCC 700084 / mc(2)155) Pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent protein EgtE (egtE), recombinant protein.

Recombinant Mycobacterium Smegmatis egtE Protein (aa 1-371)
VAng-Yyj4893-500gEcoli 500 µg (E. coli)
EUR 3870
Description: Mycobacterium Smegmatis (strain ATCC 700084 / mc(2)155) Pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent protein EgtE (egtE), recombinant protein.

Recombinant Mycobacterium Smegmatis egtE Protein (aa 1-371)
VAng-Yyj4893-50gEcoli 50 µg (E. coli)
EUR 2650.8
Description: Mycobacterium Smegmatis (strain ATCC 700084 / mc(2)155) Pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent protein EgtE (egtE), recombinant protein.

Recombinant Echinococcus Granulosus EgTrpA Protein (aa 1-278)
VAng-Ly4003-1mgEcoli 1 mg (E. coli)
EUR 4761.6
Description: Echinococcus Granulosus tropomyosin A (EgTrpA), recombination protein.

Recombinant Echinococcus Granulosus EgTrpA Protein (aa 1-278)
VAng-Ly4003-500gEcoli 500 µg (E. coli)
EUR 3376.8
Description: Echinococcus Granulosus tropomyosin A (EgTrpA), recombination protein.

Recombinant Echinococcus Granulosus EgTrpA Protein (aa 1-278)
VAng-Ly4003-50gEcoli 50 µg (E. coli)
EUR 2304
Description: Echinococcus Granulosus tropomyosin A (EgTrpA), recombination protein.

Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis Iron (II)-dependent oxidoreductase EgtB
MBS1135713-002mgBaculovirus 0.02mg(Baculovirus)
EUR 1300

Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis Iron (II)-dependent oxidoreductase EgtB
MBS1135713-002mgEColi 0.02mg(E-Coli)
EUR 980

Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis Iron (II)-dependent oxidoreductase EgtB
MBS1135713-002mgYeast 0.02mg(Yeast)
EUR 1090

Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis Iron (II)-dependent oxidoreductase EgtB
MBS1135713-01mgEColi 0.1mg(E-Coli)
EUR 1145

Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis Iron (II)-dependent oxidoreductase EgtB
MBS1135713-01mgYeast 0.1mg(Yeast)
EUR 1240

Finally, it discusses the challenges and opportunities that these tendencies entail for Cuban biotechnology development and proposes adoption of business policies more tolerant of the fi nancial risk inherent in this sector, as a condition for at-tracting venture capital. KEYWORDS Biotechnology, fund raising, risk management, entrepreneurship, Cuba.