Plant biotechnology in Argentina started at the end of the 1980s, leading to the development of numerous research groups in public institutions and, a decade later, to some local private initiatives. The numerous scientific and technological capacities existing in the country allowed the early constitution in 1991 of a sound genetically modified organisms biosafety regulatory system.
The first commercial approvals began in 1996, and to date, 59 events have obtained permits to be placed on the market, however, only two have been developed locally by public-private partnerships. The transgenic events developed at public institutions pursue different objectives in diverse crops.
However, once these events have been developed in laboratories, it is difficult to move toward a possible commercial approval. In this work, we analyze several reasons that could explain why local developments have not reached approvals for commercialization, highlighting aspects related to the lack of strategic vision in the institutions to focus resources on projects to develop biotechnological products.
Although progress has been made in generating regulatory rules adapted to research institutes (such as the regulations for biosafety greenhouses and ways of presenting applications), researchers still do not conceive regulatory science as a discipline. They generally prefer not to be involved in the design of regulatory field trials or regulatory issues related to the evaluation of events. In that sense, some of the aspects considered a regulatory affairs platform for the public scientific system and the reinforcement of laboratories that perform tests required under the Argentine regulation.
Argentina’s Local Crop Biotechnology Developments: Why Have They Not Reached the Market Yet? Role of Business Models in Funding the Biotech Industry: Global Trends and Challenges for Cuban Biotechnology.
Forty-three years after it was founded, with billions of dollars invested, the global biotech industry is still not positioned as a mature low-risk sector for the international investor com-munity.
Despite the clear commercial success of a number of leading companies and overall growth of the industry’s rev-enues, most biotech companies are not profi table and many fail t o overcome the formidable barrier constituted by the high cost of the sector’s research and development. However, over the last four years, visible signs of change have appeared, which could be harbingers of an approaching turning point in this trend.
This article analyzes the historic background of the biotech in-dustry’s business models and corporate structures, as well as their impact on the industry’s fi nancial framework. It examines recent changes implemented by the sector’s main actors-in-cluding young startups, venture capital funds and big pharma companies-to mitigate fi nancial risk associated with develop-ment of new biotechnology products.
EGTA
abx082266-200l
Abbexa
200 µl
Ask for price
EGTA
abx082266-5g
Abbexa
5 g
EUR 226.8
EGTA
abx082565-100l
Abbexa
100 µl
EUR 125
EGTA
abx082565-1ml
Abbexa
1 ml
Ask for price
EGTA
abx082565-200l
Abbexa
200 µl
Ask for price
EGTA
abx082565-5g
Abbexa
5 g
EUR 226.8
EGTA
B7195-1000
ApexBio
1 g
EUR 40
Description: Others|Reagents
EGTA 99%
E00340
Pfaltz & Bauer
10G
EUR 196.86
Description: CAS N° 67-42-5
EGTA (2x) Buffer
MBS565489-5x1mL
MyBiosource
5x1mL
EUR 525
EGTA tetrasodium salt
MBS8579926-1g
MyBiosource
1g
EUR 280
EGTA tetrasodium salt
MBS8579926-5x1g
MyBiosource
5x1g
EUR 1195
EGTA, Hi-LR™
GRM1530-10G
EWC Diagnostics
1 unit
EUR 33.64
Description: EGTA, Hi-LR™
EGTA, Hi-LR™
GRM1530-25G
EWC Diagnostics
1 unit
EUR 73.94
Description: EGTA, Hi-LR™
EGTA AM *CAS 99590-86-0*
21005-10mg
AAT Bioquest
10 mg
EUR 166
Description: EGTA AM is cell-permeable version of EGTA (ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid), a cell-permeable calcium chelator.
EGTA AM *10 mM DMSO solution*
21006-1mL
AAT Bioquest
1 mL
EUR 166
Description: EGTA AM is cell-permeable version of EGTA (ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid), a cell-permeable calcium chelator.
EGTA tetrasodium salt *CAS 13368-13-3*
21007-1g
AAT Bioquest
1 g
EUR 86
Description: EGTA (1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid) is a water-soluble and cell-impermeable calcium chelator.
EGTA tetrasodium salt *10 mM aqueous solution*
21008-10mL
AAT Bioquest
10 mL
EUR 86
Description: EGTA (1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid) is a water-soluble and cell-impermeable calcium chelator.
2xRIPA Buffer IIII with EDTA and EGTA (pH 7.4) 2xconcentrate
RB4477
Bio Basic
500ml
EUR 86.1
Ethylene Glycol-O-O-bis-(2-Aminoethyl) N,N,N,N-Tetraacetic Acid (EGTA) extrapure, 98%
62858
Sisco Laboratories
10 Gms
EUR 21.38
Description: Part B
Bexgliflozin (EGT1442)
B1929-1
Biovision
each
EUR 170.4
Bexgliflozin (EGT1442)
B1929-5
Biovision
each
EUR 496.8
Bexagliflozin?EGT1442
MBS131294-100mg
MyBiosource
100mg
EUR 1495
Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae Protein EGT2 (EGT2) , partial
MBS1076136-INQUIRE
MyBiosource
INQUIRE
Ask for price
egt2 Antibody
CSB-PA529669XA01SXV-02mg
Cusabio
0.2mg
Ask for price
Description: Recombinant Schizosaccharomyces pombe (strain 972 / ATCC 24843) (Fission yeast) egt2 protein
egt2 Antibody
CSB-PA529669XA01SXV-10mg
Cusabio
10mg
Ask for price
Description: Recombinant Schizosaccharomyces pombe (strain 972 / ATCC 24843) (Fission yeast) egt2 protein
egt1 Antibody
CSB-PA528482XA01SXV-02mg
Cusabio
0.2mg
Ask for price
Description: Recombinant Schizosaccharomyces pombe (strain 972 / ATCC 24843) (Fission yeast) egt1 protein
egt1 Antibody
CSB-PA528482XA01SXV-10mg
Cusabio
10mg
Ask for price
Description: Recombinant Schizosaccharomyces pombe (strain 972 / ATCC 24843) (Fission yeast) egt1 protein
EGT2 Antibody
CSB-PA331651XA01SVG-02mg
Cusabio
0.2mg
Ask for price
Description: Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) (Baker's yeast) EGT2 protein
EGT2 Antibody
CSB-PA331651XA01SVG-10mg
Cusabio
10mg
Ask for price
Description: Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) (Baker's yeast) EGT2 protein
EGTT-Scavenger for GSH/GSSG Assays (EGTT-100)
EGTT-SCVG
BioAssay Systems
100
EUR 89
Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis Amidohydrolase EgtC (egtC)
MBS1110091-002mgBaculovirus
MyBiosource
0.02mg(Baculovirus)
EUR 1120
Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis Amidohydrolase EgtC (egtC)
MBS1110091-002mgEColi
MyBiosource
0.02mg(E-Coli)
EUR 735
Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis Amidohydrolase EgtC (egtC)
MBS1110091-002mgYeast
MyBiosource
0.02mg(Yeast)
EUR 900
Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis Amidohydrolase EgtC (egtC)
MBS1110091-01mgEColi
MyBiosource
0.1mg(E-Coli)
EUR 880
Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis Amidohydrolase EgtC (egtC)
MBS1110091-01mgYeast
MyBiosource
0.1mg(Yeast)
EUR 1050
Recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Amidohydrolase EgtC (egtC)
MBS1046064-002mgBaculovirus
MyBiosource
0.02mg(Baculovirus)
EUR 1115
Recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Amidohydrolase EgtC (egtC)
MBS1046064-002mgEColi
MyBiosource
0.02mg(E-Coli)
EUR 740
Recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Amidohydrolase EgtC (egtC)
MBS1046064-002mgYeast
MyBiosource
0.02mg(Yeast)
EUR 905
Recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Amidohydrolase EgtC (egtC)
MBS1046064-01mgEColi
MyBiosource
0.1mg(E-Coli)
EUR 890
Recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Amidohydrolase EgtC (egtC)
MBS1046064-01mgYeast
MyBiosource
0.1mg(Yeast)
EUR 1060
Rabbit anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508/S288c)(Baker's yeast) EGT2 Polyclonal Antibody
MBS7155837-INQUIRE
MyBiosource
INQUIRE
Ask for price
Rabbit anti-Schizosaccharomyces pombe (strain 972/ATCC 24843)(Fission yeast) EGT1 Polyclonal Antibody
MBS7183038-INQUIRE
MyBiosource
INQUIRE
Ask for price
Rabbit anti-Schizosaccharomyces pombe (strain 972/ATCC 24843)(Fission yeast) EGT2 Polyclonal Antibody
MBS7183415-INQUIRE
MyBiosource
INQUIRE
Ask for price
Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis Histidine-specific methyltransferase EgtD (egtD)
MBS1143325-002mgBaculovirus
MyBiosource
0.02mg(Baculovirus)
EUR 1200
Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis Histidine-specific methyltransferase EgtD (egtD)
MBS1143325-002mgEColi
MyBiosource
0.02mg(E-Coli)
EUR 850
Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis Histidine-specific methyltransferase EgtD (egtD)
MBS1143325-002mgYeast
MyBiosource
0.02mg(Yeast)
EUR 990
Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis Histidine-specific methyltransferase EgtD (egtD)
MBS1143325-01mgEColi
MyBiosource
0.1mg(E-Coli)
EUR 1020
Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis Histidine-specific methyltransferase EgtD (egtD)
MBS1143325-01mgYeast
MyBiosource
0.1mg(Yeast)
EUR 1125
Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis Pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent protein EgtE (egtE)
MBS1184513-002mgBaculovirus
MyBiosource
0.02mg(Baculovirus)
EUR 1245
Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis Pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent protein EgtE (egtE)
MBS1184513-002mgEColi
MyBiosource
0.02mg(E-Coli)
EUR 910
Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis Pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent protein EgtE (egtE)
MBS1184513-002mgYeast
MyBiosource
0.02mg(Yeast)
EUR 1035
Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis Pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent protein EgtE (egtE)
MBS1184513-01mgEColi
MyBiosource
0.1mg(E-Coli)
EUR 1095
Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis Pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent protein EgtE (egtE)
MBS1184513-01mgYeast
MyBiosource
0.1mg(Yeast)
EUR 1180
pcDNA3.1-Flag-c-Jun(E22G/T325S)
PPL00201-2a
Bioworld Biotech
996bp
EUR 218
Description: pcDNA3.1(+)
Recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Histidine-specific methyltransferase EgtD (egtD)
MBS1224849-002mgBaculovirus
MyBiosource
0.02mg(Baculovirus)
EUR 1200
Recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Histidine-specific methyltransferase EgtD (egtD)
MBS1224849-002mgEColi
MyBiosource
0.02mg(E-Coli)
EUR 850
Recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Histidine-specific methyltransferase EgtD (egtD)
MBS1224849-002mgYeast
MyBiosource
0.02mg(Yeast)
EUR 990
Recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Histidine-specific methyltransferase EgtD (egtD)
MBS1224849-01mgEColi
MyBiosource
0.1mg(E-Coli)
EUR 1020
Recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Histidine-specific methyltransferase EgtD (egtD)
MBS1224849-01mgYeast
MyBiosource
0.1mg(Yeast)
EUR 1125
Recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent protein EgtE (egtE)
MBS1173767-002mgBaculovirus
MyBiosource
0.02mg(Baculovirus)
EUR 1265
Recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent protein EgtE (egtE)
MBS1173767-002mgEColi
MyBiosource
0.02mg(E-Coli)
EUR 935
Recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent protein EgtE (egtE)
MBS1173767-002mgYeast
MyBiosource
0.02mg(Yeast)
EUR 1055
Recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent protein EgtE (egtE)
MBS1173767-01mgEColi
MyBiosource
0.1mg(E-Coli)
EUR 1125
Recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent protein EgtE (egtE)
MBS1173767-01mgYeast
MyBiosource
0.1mg(Yeast)
EUR 1200
Recombinant Mycobacterium Smegmatis egtB Protein (aa 1-428)
VAng-Yyj4891-1mgEcoli
Creative Biolabs
1 mg (E. coli)
EUR 5900.4
Description: Mycobacterium Smegmatis (strain ATCC 700084 / mc(2)155) Iron (II)-dependent oxidoreductase EgtB, recombinant protein.
Recombinant Mycobacterium Smegmatis egtB Protein (aa 1-428)
VAng-Yyj4891-500gEcoli
Creative Biolabs
500 µg (E. coli)
EUR 4167.6
Description: Mycobacterium Smegmatis (strain ATCC 700084 / mc(2)155) Iron (II)-dependent oxidoreductase EgtB, recombinant protein.
Recombinant Mycobacterium Smegmatis egtB Protein (aa 1-428)
VAng-Yyj4891-50gEcoli
Creative Biolabs
50 µg (E. coli)
EUR 2848.8
Description: Mycobacterium Smegmatis (strain ATCC 700084 / mc(2)155) Iron (II)-dependent oxidoreductase EgtB, recombinant protein.
Recombinant Mycobacterium Smegmatis egtC Protein (aa 1-227)
VAng-Yyj4892-1mgEcoli
Creative Biolabs
1 mg (E. coli)
EUR 4365.6
Description: Mycobacterium Smegmatis (strain ATCC 700084 / mc(2)155) Amidohydrolase EgtC (egtC), recombinant protein.
Recombinant Mycobacterium Smegmatis egtC Protein (aa 1-227)
VAng-Yyj4892-500gEcoli
Creative Biolabs
500 µg (E. coli)
EUR 3129.6
Description: Mycobacterium Smegmatis (strain ATCC 700084 / mc(2)155) Amidohydrolase EgtC (egtC), recombinant protein.
Recombinant Mycobacterium Smegmatis egtC Protein (aa 1-227)
VAng-Yyj4892-50gEcoli
Creative Biolabs
50 µg (E. coli)
EUR 2122.8
Description: Mycobacterium Smegmatis (strain ATCC 700084 / mc(2)155) Amidohydrolase EgtC (egtC), recombinant protein.
Recombinant Mycobacterium Smegmatis egtE Protein (aa 1-371)
VAng-Yyj4893-1mgEcoli
Creative Biolabs
1 mg (E. coli)
EUR 5470.8
Description: Mycobacterium Smegmatis (strain ATCC 700084 / mc(2)155) Pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent protein EgtE (egtE), recombinant protein.
Recombinant Mycobacterium Smegmatis egtE Protein (aa 1-371)
VAng-Yyj4893-500gEcoli
Creative Biolabs
500 µg (E. coli)
EUR 3870
Description: Mycobacterium Smegmatis (strain ATCC 700084 / mc(2)155) Pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent protein EgtE (egtE), recombinant protein.
Recombinant Mycobacterium Smegmatis egtE Protein (aa 1-371)
VAng-Yyj4893-50gEcoli
Creative Biolabs
50 µg (E. coli)
EUR 2650.8
Description: Mycobacterium Smegmatis (strain ATCC 700084 / mc(2)155) Pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent protein EgtE (egtE), recombinant protein.
Recombinant Mycobacterium Smegmatis egtD Protein (aa 1-321)
VAng-Yyj4655-1mgEcoli
Creative Biolabs
1 mg (E. coli)
EUR 5091.6
Description: Mycobacterium Smegmatis (strain ATCC 700084 / mc(2)155) Histidine-specific methyltransferase EgtD (egtD), recombinant protein.
Recombinant Mycobacterium Smegmatis egtD Protein (aa 1-321)
VAng-Yyj4655-500gEcoli
Creative Biolabs
500 µg (E. coli)
EUR 3606
Description: Mycobacterium Smegmatis (strain ATCC 700084 / mc(2)155) Histidine-specific methyltransferase EgtD (egtD), recombinant protein.
Recombinant Mycobacterium Smegmatis egtD Protein (aa 1-321)
VAng-Yyj4655-50gEcoli
Creative Biolabs
50 µg (E. coli)
EUR 2469.6
Description: Mycobacterium Smegmatis (strain ATCC 700084 / mc(2)155) Histidine-specific methyltransferase EgtD (egtD), recombinant protein.
Recombinant Echinococcus Granulosus EgTrpA Protein (aa 1-278)
VAng-Ly4003-1mgEcoli
Creative Biolabs
1 mg (E. coli)
EUR 4761.6
Description: Echinococcus Granulosus tropomyosin A (EgTrpA), recombination protein.
Recombinant Echinococcus Granulosus EgTrpA Protein (aa 1-278)
VAng-Ly4003-500gEcoli
Creative Biolabs
500 µg (E. coli)
EUR 3376.8
Description: Echinococcus Granulosus tropomyosin A (EgTrpA), recombination protein.
Recombinant Echinococcus Granulosus EgTrpA Protein (aa 1-278)
VAng-Ly4003-50gEcoli
Creative Biolabs
50 µg (E. coli)
EUR 2304
Description: Echinococcus Granulosus tropomyosin A (EgTrpA), recombination protein.
Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis Iron (II)-dependent oxidoreductase EgtB
MBS1135713-002mgBaculovirus
MyBiosource
0.02mg(Baculovirus)
EUR 1300
Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis Iron (II)-dependent oxidoreductase EgtB
MBS1135713-002mgEColi
MyBiosource
0.02mg(E-Coli)
EUR 980
Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis Iron (II)-dependent oxidoreductase EgtB
MBS1135713-002mgYeast
MyBiosource
0.02mg(Yeast)
EUR 1090
Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis Iron (II)-dependent oxidoreductase EgtB
MBS1135713-01mgEColi
MyBiosource
0.1mg(E-Coli)
EUR 1145
Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis Iron (II)-dependent oxidoreductase EgtB
MBS1135713-01mgYeast
MyBiosource
0.1mg(Yeast)
EUR 1240
Recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Iron (II)-dependent oxidoreductase EgtB
MBS1232842-002mgBaculovirus
MyBiosource
0.02mg(Baculovirus)
EUR 1295
Recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Iron (II)-dependent oxidoreductase EgtB
MBS1232842-002mgEColi
MyBiosource
0.02mg(E-Coli)
EUR 975
Recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Iron (II)-dependent oxidoreductase EgtB
MBS1232842-002mgYeast
MyBiosource
0.02mg(Yeast)
EUR 1090
Recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Iron (II)-dependent oxidoreductase EgtB
MBS1232842-01mgEColi
MyBiosource
0.1mg(E-Coli)
EUR 1140
Recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Iron (II)-dependent oxidoreductase EgtB
MBS1232842-01mgYeast
MyBiosource
0.1mg(Yeast)
EUR 1240
Recombinant Lacanobia oleracea granulosis virus Ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase (EGT)
MBS1322021-005mgBaculovirus
MyBiosource
0.05mg(Baculovirus)
EUR 1220
Recombinant Lacanobia oleracea granulosis virus Ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase (EGT)
MBS1322021-005mgEColi
MyBiosource
0.05mg(E-Coli)
EUR 995
Recombinant Lacanobia oleracea granulosis virus Ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase (EGT)
MBS1322021-005mgYeast
MyBiosource
0.05mg(Yeast)
EUR 1105
Recombinant Lacanobia oleracea granulosis virus Ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase (EGT)
MBS1322021-02mgEColi
MyBiosource
0.2mg(E-Coli)
EUR 1295
Recombinant Lacanobia oleracea granulosis virus Ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase (EGT)
MBS1322021-05mgEColi
MyBiosource
0.5mg(E-Coli)
EUR 1425
Recombinant Mamestra brassicae nuclear polyhedrosis virus Ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase (EGT)
MBS1473748-002mgBaculovirus
MyBiosource
0.02mg(Baculovirus)
EUR 1360
Recombinant Mamestra brassicae nuclear polyhedrosis virus Ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase (EGT)
MBS1473748-002mgEColi
MyBiosource
0.02mg(E-Coli)
EUR 1065
Recombinant Mamestra brassicae nuclear polyhedrosis virus Ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase (EGT)
MBS1473748-002mgYeast
MyBiosource
0.02mg(Yeast)
EUR 1120
Recombinant Mamestra brassicae nuclear polyhedrosis virus Ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase (EGT)
MBS1473748-01mgEColi
MyBiosource
0.1mg(E-Coli)
EUR 1240
Recombinant Mamestra brassicae nuclear polyhedrosis virus Ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase (EGT)
MBS1473748-01mgYeast
MyBiosource
0.1mg(Yeast)
EUR 1315
Recombinant Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus Ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase (EGT)
MBS1199972-002mgBaculovirus
MyBiosource
0.02mg(Baculovirus)
EUR 1355
Recombinant Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus Ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase (EGT)
MBS1199972-002mgEColi
MyBiosource
0.02mg(E-Coli)
EUR 1055
Recombinant Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus Ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase (EGT)
MBS1199972-002mgYeast
MyBiosource
0.02mg(Yeast)
EUR 1125
Recombinant Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus Ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase (EGT)
MBS1199972-01mgEColi
MyBiosource
0.1mg(E-Coli)
EUR 1230
Recombinant Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus Ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase (EGT)
MBS1199972-01mgYeast
MyBiosource
0.1mg(Yeast)
EUR 1310
Recombinant Spodoptera littoralis nuclear polyhedrosis virus Ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase (EGT)
MBS1363809-002mgBaculovirus
MyBiosource
0.02mg(Baculovirus)
EUR 1350
Recombinant Spodoptera littoralis nuclear polyhedrosis virus Ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase (EGT)
MBS1363809-002mgEColi
MyBiosource
0.02mg(E-Coli)
EUR 1045
Finally, it discusses the challenges and opportunities that these tendencies entail for Cuban biotechnology development and proposes adoption of business policies more tolerant of the fi nancial risk inherent in this sector, as a condition for at-tracting venture capital. KEYWORDS Biotechnology, fund raising, risk management, entrepreneurship, Cuba.
