Resolving the formidable barrier of oxygen transferring rate (OTR) in ultrahigh-titer bioconversion/biocatalysis by a sealed-oxygen supply biotechnology (SOS).
The vital situation within the competitiveness between bioengineering and chemical engineering is the merchandise titer and the amount productiveness. Essentially the most direct and efficient method normally employs high-density biocatalyst, whereas the weakened mass switch and evoked foam downside accompany ultrahigh-density biocatalyst loading and substrate/product titer.
In high-density obligate cardio bioconversion, oxygen as electron acceptor is a speed-limiting step in bioprocesses, however ample oxygen provide will result in the foaming which ends up in a big discount in oxygen utilization and the usage of further defoamers. On this examine, we designed a novel sealed-oxygen provide (SOS) biotechnology to resolve the formidable barrier of oxygen transferring price (OTR), for bio-based fuels and chemical manufacturing course of.
Outcomes
Based mostly on systemic evaluation of whole-cell catalysis in Gluconobacter oxydans, a novel sealed-oxygen provide expertise was neatly designed and experimentally carried out for biocatalytic oxidation of alcohols, sugars and so forth. By a easy operation ability of computerized on-line provide of oxygen in a sealed stirring tank bioreactor of SOS, OTR barrier and foaming downside was resolved with nice ease.
We lastly obtained ultrahigh-titer merchandise of xylonic acid (XA), 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HPA), and erythrulose at 588.four g/L, 69.four g/L, and 364.7 g/L, respectively. Furthermore, the amount productiveness of three chemical merchandise was improved by 150-250% in contrast with regular biotechnology. This SOS expertise offers a promising method to advertise bioengineering competitiveness and benefits over chemical engineering.
SOS expertise was demonstrated as an financial and universally relevant method to bio-based fuels and chemical substances manufacturing by whole-cell catalysis. The novel expertise drastically promotes the competitiveness of bioengineering for chemical engineering, and offers a promising platform for the inexperienced and environmental use of biofuels.
Resolving the formidable barrier of oxygen transferring price (OTR) in ultrahigh-titer bioconversion/biocatalysis by a sealed-oxygen provide biotechnology (SOS).
Panel 1: Biotechnology, biomedical engineering and new fashions of otitis media.
To summarize not too long ago revealed key articles on the matters of biomedical engineering, biotechnology and new fashions in relation to otitis media (OM).Digital databases: PubMed, Ovid Medline, Cochrane Library and Scientific Proof (BMJ Publishing).Articles on biomedical engineering, biotechnology, materials science, mechanical and animal fashions in OM revealed between Might 2015 and Might 2019 have been recognized and subjected to overview. A complete of 132 articles have been finally included.
Description: A polyclonal antibody against EGFR. Recognizes EGFR from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IF; Recommended dilution: WB:1:500-1:5000, IF:1:50-1:200
Description: A polyclonal antibody against EGFR. Recognizes EGFR from Human, Mouse. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, IHC;ELISA:1:1000-1:2000, IHC:1:15-1:50
Description: A polyclonal antibody against EGFR. Recognizes EGFR from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, IHC, IF; Recommended dilution: IHC:1:20-1:200, IF:1:500-1:1000
Description: A polyclonal antibody against EGFR. Recognizes EGFR from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB
Description: A polyclonal antibody against EGFR. Recognizes EGFR from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: WB, ELISA;WB:1/500-1/2000.ELISA:1/20000
Description: A polyclonal antibody against EGFR. Recognizes EGFR from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: WB, ELISA;WB:1/500-1/2000.ELISA:1/40000
Description: A polyclonal antibody against EGFR. Recognizes EGFR from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: WB, ELISA;WB:1/500-1/2000.ELISA:1/5000
Description: A polyclonal antibody against EGFR. Recognizes EGFR from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: WB, IHC, ELISA;WB:1/500-1/2000.IHC:1/100-1/300.ELISA:1/20000
Description: A polyclonal antibody against EGFR. Recognizes EGFR from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: WB, ELISA;WB:1/500-1/2000.ELISA:1/10000
Description: A polyclonal antibody against EGFR. Recognizes EGFR from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: WB, IHC, IF, ELISA;WB:1/500-1/2000.IHC:1/100-1/300.IF:1/200-1/1000.ELISA:1/40000
Description: A polyclonal antibody against EGFR. Recognizes EGFR from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: WB, IHC, IF, ELISA;WB:1/500-1/2000.IHC:1/100-1/300.IF:1/200-1/1000.ELISA:1/10000
Description: A polyclonal antibody against EGFR. Recognizes EGFR from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: WB, IHC, ELISA;WB:1/500-1/2000.IHC:1/100-1/300.ELISA:1/40000
Description: A polyclonal antibody against EGFR. Recognizes EGFR from Human, Mouse. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: WB, ELISA;WB:1/500-1/2000.ELISA:1/20000
Description: A polyclonal antibody against EGFR. Recognizes EGFR from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: WB, IHC, IF, ELISA;WB:1/500-1/2000.IHC:1/100-1/300.IF:1/200-1/1000.ELISA:1/5000
Description: Receptor tyrosine kinase binding ligands of the EGF family and activating several signaling cascades to convert extracellular cues into appropriate cellular responses. Known ligands include EGF, TGFA/TGF-alpha, amphiregulin, epigen/EPGN, BTC/betacellulin, epiregulin/EREG and HBEGF/heparin-binding EGF. Ligand binding triggers receptor homo- and/or heterodimerization and autophosphorylation on key cytoplasmic residues. The phosphorylated receptor recruits adapter proteins like GRB2 which in turn activates complex downstream signaling cascades. Activates at least 4 major downstream signaling cascades including the RAS- RAF-MEK-ERK, PI3 kinase-AKT, PLCgamma-PKC and STATs modules. May also activate the NF-kappa-B signaling cascade. Also directly phosphorylates other proteins like RGS16, activating its GTPase activity and probably coupling the EGF receptor signaling to the G protein-coupled receptor signaling. Also phosphorylates MUC1 and increases its interaction with SRC and CTNNB1/beta-catenin.
Description: Receptor tyrosine kinase binding ligands of the EGF family and activating several signaling cascades to convert extracellular cues into appropriate cellular responses. Known ligands include EGF, TGFA/TGF-alpha, amphiregulin, epigen/EPGN, BTC/betacellulin, epiregulin/EREG and HBEGF/heparin-binding EGF. Ligand binding triggers receptor homo- and/or heterodimerization and autophosphorylation on key cytoplasmic residues. The phosphorylated receptor recruits adapter proteins like GRB2 which in turn activates complex downstream signaling cascades. Activates at least 4 major downstream signaling cascades including the RAS- RAF-MEK-ERK, PI3 kinase-AKT, PLCgamma-PKC and STATs modules. May also activate the NF-kappa-B signaling cascade. Also directly phosphorylates other proteins like RGS16, activating its GTPase activity and probably coupling the EGF receptor signaling to the G protein-coupled receptor signaling. Also phosphorylates MUC1 and increases its interaction with SRC and CTNNB1/beta-catenin.
Description: The protein encoded by this gene is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is a member of the protein kinase superfamily. This protein is a receptor for members of the epidermal growth factor family. EGFR is a cell surface protein that binds to epidermal growth factor. Binding of the protein to a ligand induces receptor dimerization and tyrosine autophosphorylation and leads to cell proliferation. Mutations in this gene are associated with lung cancer. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms have been found for this gene.
Description: The protein encoded by this gene is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is a member of the protein kinase superfamily. This protein is a receptor for members of the epidermal growth factor family. EGFR is a cell surface protein that binds to epidermal growth factor. Binding of the protein to a ligand induces receptor dimerization and tyrosine autophosphorylation and leads to cell proliferation. Mutations in this gene are associated with lung cancer. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms have been found for this gene.
Description: The protein encoded by this gene is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is a member of the protein kinase superfamily. This protein is a receptor for members of the epidermal growth factor family. EGFR is a cell surface protein that binds to epidermal growth factor. Binding of the protein to a ligand induces receptor dimerization and tyrosine autophosphorylation and leads to cell proliferation. Mutations in this gene are associated with lung cancer.
Description: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR; ErbB1; HER1 in humans) is the cell-surface receptor for members of the epidermal growth factor family (EGF-family) of extracellular protein ligands. It is a member of the ErbB family of receptors, a subfamily of four closely related receptor tyrosine kinases: EGFR (ErbB1), HER2/c-neu (ErbB2), Her 3 (ErbB3) and Her 4 (ErbB4). It exists on the cell surface and is activated by binding of its specific ligands, including epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor alpha (TGFalpha). EGFR and its ligands are cell signaling molecules involved in diverse cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation, motility, and survival, and in tissue development. Mutations that lead to overexpression or overactivity have been associated with a number of cancers, including lung cancer and glioblastoma multiform.
Description: EGFR is a receptor tyrosine kinase. Receptor for epidermal growth factor (EGF) and related growth factors including TGF-alpha, amphiregulin, betacellulin, heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor, GP30 and vaccinia virus growth factor. Is involved in the control of cell growth and differentiation.
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human EGFR . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human EGFR . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human EGFR . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR; ErbB-1; HER1 in humans) is the cell-surface receptor for members of the epidermal growth factor family (EGF-family) of extracellular protein ligands. It is a member of the ErbB family of receptors, a subfamily of four closely related receptor tyrosine kinases: EGFR (ErbB-1), HER2/c-neu (ErbB-2), Her 3 (ErbB-3) and Her 4 (ErbB-4). EGFR exists on the cell surface and is activated by binding of its specific ligands, including epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor alpha (TGFalpha). EGFR and its ligands are cell signaling molecules involved in diverse cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation, motility, and survival, and in tissue development. Mutations that lead to EGFR overexpression (known as upregulation) or overactivity have been associated with a number of cancers, including lung cancer and glioblastoma multiforme. In this latter case a more or less specific mutation of EGFR, called EGFRvIII is often observed.
Description: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR; ErbB-1; HER1 in humans) is the cell-surface receptor for members of the epidermal growth factor family (EGF-family) of extracellular protein ligands. It is a member of the ErbB family of receptors, a subfamily of four closely related receptor tyrosine kinases: EGFR (ErbB-1), HER2/c-neu (ErbB-2), Her 3 (ErbB-3) and Her 4 (ErbB-4). EGFR exists on the cell surface and is activated by binding of its specific ligands, including epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor ? (TGF?). EGFR and its ligands are cell signaling molecules involved in diverse cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation, motility, and survival, and in tissue development. Mutations that lead to EGFR overexpression (known as upregulation) or overactivity have been associated with a number of cancers, including lung cancer and glioblastoma multiforme. In this latter case a more or less specific mutation of EGFR, called EGFRvIII is often observed.
Description: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR; ErbB-1; HER1 in humans) is a transmembrane protein that is a receptor for members of the epidermal growth factor family (EGF family) of extracellular protein ligands. It is mapped to 11 A2; 11 9.41 cM. The protein encoded by this gene is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is a member of the protein kinase superfamily. This protein is a receptor for members of the epidermal growth factor family. EGFR is a cell surface protein that binds to epidermal growth factor. Binding of the protein to a ligand induces receptor dimerization and tyrosine autophosphorylation and leads to cell proliferation. Mutations in this gene are associated with lung cancer.
Description: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exists on the cell surface and is activated by binding of its specific ligands, including epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor a. Upon activation by its growth factor ligands, EGFR undergoes a transition from an inactive monomeric form to an active homodimer. In addition to forming homodimers after ligand binding, EGFR may pair with another member of the ErbB receptor family, such as ErbB2/Her2/neu, to create an activated heterodimer. EGFR dimerization stimulates its intrinsic intracellular protein-tyrosine kinase activity. As a result, autophosphorylation of several tyrosine (Y) residues in the C-terminal domain of EGFR occurs. This autophosphorylation elicits downstream activation and signaling by several other proteins that associate with the phosphorylated tyrosines through their own phosphotyrosine-binding SH2 domains. These downstream signaling proteins initiate several signal transduction cascades, principally the MAPK, Akt and JNK pathways, leading to DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. [Wiki]
Description: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exists on the cell surface and is activated by binding of its specific ligands, including epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor a. Upon activation by its growth factor ligands, EGFR undergoes a transition from an inactive monomeric form to an active homodimer. In addition to forming homodimers after ligand binding, EGFR may pair with another member of the ErbB receptor family, such as ErbB2/Her2/neu, to create an activated heterodimer. EGFR dimerization stimulates its intrinsic intracellular protein-tyrosine kinase activity. As a result, autophosphorylation of several tyrosine (Y) residues in the C-terminal domain of EGFR occurs. This autophosphorylation elicits downstream activation and signaling by several other proteins that associate with the phosphorylated tyrosines through their own phosphotyrosine-binding SH2 domains. These downstream signaling proteins initiate several signal transduction cascades, principally the MAPK, Akt and JNK pathways, leading to DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. [Wiki]
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New imaging applied sciences for the tympanic membrane (TM) and the center ear cavity are being developed to evaluate TM thickness, establish biofilms and differentiate kinds of center ear effusions. Synthetic intelligence (AI) has been utilized to coach software program applications to diagnose OM with a excessive diploma of certainty. Genetically modified mice fashions for OM have additional investigated what predisposes some people to OM and consequent listening to loss. New vaccine candidates defending in opposition to main otopathogens are being explored and developed, particularly mixed vaccines, concentrating on multiple pathogen.
Transcutaneous vaccination in opposition to non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae has been efficiently tried in a chinchilla mannequin. When it comes to remedy, novel applied sciences for trans-tympanic drug supply are getting into the scientific area. Varied development components and grafting supplies geared toward enhancing therapeutic of TM perforations present promising leads to animal fashions.
New applied sciences and AI purposes to enhance the analysis of OM have proven promise in pre-clinical fashions and are steadily getting into the scientific area. So are novel vaccines and drug supply approaches that will permit native remedy of OM.New diagnostic strategies, potential vaccine candidates and the novel trans-tympanic drug supply present promising outcomes, however are usually not but tailored to scientific use.
